What is Kidney Cancer?
Kidney cancer most commonly refers to renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which begins in the lining of the small tubes in the kidney. It may be detected incidentally on imaging or present with symptoms in advanced stages.
Risk Factors and Symptoms
- Smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, and certain genetic conditions
- Blood in urine (haematuria)
- Flank or back pain
- Abdominal mass or unexplained weight loss
Diagnosis
Evaluation includes CT or MRI imaging, urine tests, and biopsy when needed. Staging determines whether cancer is localised, locally advanced, or metastatic.
Treatment Options
- Surgery: Partial or radical nephrectomy for localised disease.
- Targeted therapy: For advanced RCC with specific molecular pathways.
- Immunotherapy: Checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic kidney cancer.
- Combination systemic therapy: Often used in advanced settings.
When to Consult a Specialist
See an oncologist for a renal mass, confirmed kidney cancer, or if you need a second opinion on systemic therapy options.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can kidney cancer spread?
Yes. Advanced kidney cancer can spread to lungs, bones, and other organs, which is why staging and specialist planning are essential.
Is surgery always required?
Not always. Some small tumours may be observed or treated with ablative techniques; advanced cases may prioritise systemic therapy.
